#11 Python Tutorial for Beginners | Operators in Python

 

#11 Python Tutorial for Beginners | Operators in Python

Working with Operators in Python

Welcome back! In this video, we'll be discussing different types of operators in Python, including:

  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Assignment Operators
  • Unary Operators
  • Relational Operators
  • Logical Operators

Arithmetic Operators

We're already familiar with arithmetic operators, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. We can use variables to perform these operations, like:

x = 2y = 3x + y # Output: 5x - y # Output: -1x * y # Output: 6x / y # Output: 0.6666666666666666

We can also use the modulo operator (%) to get the remainder of a division:

x % y # Output: 2

Assignment Operators

We use the assignment operator (=) to assign values to variables:

x = 8

We can also use shorthand notation to perform an operation and assign the new value to the variable:

x += 2 # Same as x = x + 2

We can use the same shorthand notation for subtraction, multiplication, and division:

x -= 3 # Same as x = x - 3x *= 3 # Same as x = x * 3x /= 2 # Same as x = x / 2

We can also assign values to multiple variables in one line:

a, b = 5, 6

Unary Operators

A unary operator operates on only one operand. The negation operator (-) is an example of a unary operator:

n = 7-n # Output: -7

Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to compare two values. We can use the following operators:

  • < (less than)
  • > (greater than)
  • <= (less than or equal to)
  • >= (greater than or equal to)
  • == (equal to)
  • != (not equal to)

For example:

a, b = 5, 6a < b # Output: Truea == b # Output: Falsea <= b # Output: Truea != b # Output: True

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions. We can use the following operators:

  • and
  • or
  • not

For example:

a, b, c = 2, 3, 4(a < b) and (b < c) # Output: True(a < b) or (b > c) # Output: Truenot (a < b) # Output: False

Relational Operators:

  • Used to relate two different values.
  • a ≠ b is an example of a relational operator.

Logical Operators:

  • Used to combine two conditions based on and, or, or not.
  • And returns true only if both conditions are true.
  • Or returns true if at least one condition is true.
  • Not reverses the output.

Example:

  • Let's say we have two variables: a = 5 and b = 4.
  • If we want to check if both conditions are true (a < 8 and b < 5), we can use the logical operator and.
  • If we want to check if a < 8 and b < 2, we get false because b < 2 is false.
  • The truth table for and is:
xyx and y
000
010
100
111
  • All returns true if at least one condition is true.
  • The truth table for all is the same as and.
  • Not reverses the output.

Example:

  • If we have x = true, we can use not to get false.
  • The value of x can be reversed using not or x = !x.

These operators will be used frequently in the future videos when talking about loop patterns and complex code.

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